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ARTHA

Global Steel Production and DRI Leadership

Global Crude Steel Production Share (2024) Top DRI Producers (2023)

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Others 6.8% 49.6
Iran 1.4% 50
Brazil 1.9%
Germany 2.3% 40 33.4
South Korea 4.0% DRI Production (Mn Tonnes) 30
United States 5.0%

China Japan 5.3% 20
63.2% 10 7.8 7.2
India 9.4% 6.8 5.9 5.2
0
India Iran Russia Egypt Saudi Arabia Mexico United States

Source: World Steel Association

India’s green steel production could reach India's steel production in 2024 stands at approximately 149.6
54 per cent of total steel output by 2047 million tonnes, representing entirely conventional steel
production methods. While total steel production is expected to
with scaled infrastructure, tech readiness grow significantly, from 190 million tonnes in 2030 to 393
and strong policy support million tonnes by 2047, green steel production is expected to
remain minimal under the reference scenario. With zero green
steel production by 2030, and only 15 million tonnes (3.8 per
The evolution of India's green steel sector will critically depend cent) by 2047, this scenario implies continued reliance on
on the pace and scale of technology deployment, conventional, carbon-intensive processes.
infrastructure development, and policy support. To capture
this, two distinct scenarios – Reference (Business-as-usual) Conversely, the Clean Scenario envisions a transformative
and Clean, are modelled extending to 2047, each reflecting pathway. Green steel production is expected to reach 19 million
different pathways of these enabling factors . tonnes (10 per cent of total steel production) by 2030, 132
1

India Steel Pathways
500 100%
393
400 80%
330
300 53.9% 60%

190 40.0%
200 150 40%

100 20%
10.0%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 3.8%
0 0%
2024 2030 (P) 2040 (P) 2047 (P)
Share of Green Steel - Reference Share of Green Steel - Clean
Total Steel Production (MT) (LHS) Clean Scenerio Target - 2047
Note: P is for Projection
Source: Pathways to Atmanirbhar Bharat, India Energy and Climate Centre (IECC), UC Berkeley

1 The projections are from India Energy Climate Centre (IECC), UC Berkely analysis.
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